SIMULATION OF A MULTIHOP WIRELESS LAN USING OMNET++

This project serves as a study of implementing multihop design in wireless local area network (WLAN) technology. The WLAN technology has seen a growth in popularity over the past few years. This project is divided into two parts. The first part of the project is to understand the theory behind the WLAN technology. Most of the materials for this research are taken from lEEEXPLORE website and several books on wireless LAN and wireless data structure. The fundamental of networking that touches on OSI layer and data services are also studied. The second part of the project concentrated on simulating the multihop design. The simulation method uses a network simulator that can be found freely on the internet. The simulation is important as we want to simulate the system that has been built and to see whether the implementation is suitable or not. A good knowledge on C++ language is essential as most of the building process to achieve a credible simulation uses C++ programming codes. The network simulator offers a great dynamics to simulate the network and results can be plotted easily. The main focus of this study is the wireless standard; IEEE 802.11 that is used for wireless communication. The standard focuses on the MAC and PHY layers for Access Point based networks and ad hoc networks. There are certain objectives to be achieved which to study IEEE 802.11 WLANs standard; to analyze the problems occurred in multihop design in WLANs and to design a simulation platform to implement multihop design. The methodology used in this project is simulation using OMNeT++. The result of the simulation showed in a histogram of the node multihop between the nodes. From this project the possibilities of implementing a multihop design in WLAN could be analyzed and further works can be applied to improve its performance

Growth and physiological response of selected clones of rubber grown under different water frequencies

Effects of water frequencies on growth and physiological response of different clones of rubber were investigated. Different clones of rubber were screened with different watering frequencies as everyday watering (EW), every 2 days (E2D), every 3 days (E3D), every 5 days (E5D), and every 7 days (E7D). The treatments EW and E2D were found to be suitable for all the five clones for increasing as shown in plant height. A similar result was also found for plant biomass after 4 and 8 months of treatments. Noticeably, watering had a pronounced positive effect on clone RRIM 3001 and greatly increased vigorous growth as shown in its highest height, largest girth circumference and relative growth rate after 8 months of different watering frequencies. This clone equally showed superior performance with a significantly higher total plant biomass after 4 and 8 months of watering frequencies compared to the other four clones. The result could be used in water management and the clone RRIM 3001 could be suitable for rubber production at the nursery stage and replanting exercise in rubber plantations

Development and application of sewage sludge biochar for the removal of methyl red from water environment

Currently, development of an efficient natural adsorbent to remove pollutions becomes crucial since adsorbents derived from chemicals have several shortcomings such as their potential as a new pollution in the environment. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the capability of sewage sludge biochar for the removal of dye. Sewage sludge biochar was synthesized by pyrolysis at different temperatures, which were 350°C, 450°C, 550°C, 650°C, 750°C, and 850°C. The characterization of biochar was conducted by analyzing the percentage yield, ash content, moisture content, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and pH zero charge. This study found that as the pyroly- sis temperature increased, the percentage yield along with moisture content decreased meanwhile the ash content increased. For kinetic studies, pseudo-second-order model gave better result than pseudo-first-order model indicating that adsorption mainly takes place on chemical adsorption. The applicability of adsorption isotherm analyses indicates that the adsorption mechanism followed Freundlich isotherm compared to Langmuir as Freundlich give value of R nearer to 1 (0.9962). It showed that adsorption mechanism behaves in a multi-molecular layer and the adsorption sites are heterogenous on the sewage sludge biochar

40 Hadiths on core values SASMEC @IIUM (40 Hadis berkenaan nilai murni SASMEC @IIUM)

This book of 40 hadiths on the respective SASMEC @IIUM core values act s as a reference for SASMEC @IIUM staff to read and refer for a better understanding of selected core value